Current-balancing technique for an Interleaved Full Bridge converter for the AC Battery application

Tuan Anh Do, Quang Dich Nguyen, Phuong Vu

Abstract


The AC Battery application is of recent research interest for resilient homes, in which the Interleaved Full Bridge (IFB) converter is studied in this paper for the Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage in the power converter system. Besides the inherent merits that make the IFB converter suitable for this domestic application, the current imbalance phenomenon is a potential drawback that leads to overheating devices and inductors, thereby reducing the stability and deteriorating the performance of the system. Firstly, based on the mathematical analysis, the cause of the current mismatch is analyzed in this paper. Then, a simple and effective solution for the current imbalance is proposed by just adding one linear controller to compensate for the deviation modulation index. This proposed control structure also maintains the advantages of the IFB converter and its modulation technique as well. To evaluate the unbalanced current issue and the proposed method, only the current loop is concentrated and simulated with various simulation scenarios. Finally, an experimental IFB prototype is carried out, and the good experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords


AC Battery, PFC stage, Interleaved Full Bridge converter, current imbalance.

Full Text:

PDF

References


V. Smil ( 2022) Decarbonization Algebra: The COP26 Calls for Impossibly Steep Cuts in Carbon Emissions: Numbers Don't Lie, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 20-21, February 2022, doi: 10.1109/MSPEC.2022.9706399.

Mohammed Hussein Saleh Mohammed Haram, Jia Woon Lee, Gobbi Ramasamy, Eng Eng Ngu, Siva Priya Thiagarajah, Yuen How Lee (2021) Feasibility of utilising second life EV batteries: Applications, lifespan, economics, environmental impact, assessment, and challenges, Alexandria Engineering Journal,Volume 60, Issue 5,2021,Pages 4517-4536, ISSN 1110-0168.

M. Abdel-Monem, O. Hegazy, N. Omar, K. Trad, P. Van den Bossche and J. Van Mierlo ( 2017) Lithium-ion batteries: Comprehensive technical analysis of second-life batteries for smart grid applications, 2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'17 ECCE Europe), Warsaw, Poland, 2017, pp. P.1-P.16, doi: 10.23919/EPE17ECCEEurope.2017.8099385.

X. Gong A. Keeli and R. K. Sharma (2012) Optimal use of second life battery for peak load management and improving the life of the battery, IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, Greenville, SC, USA, 2012, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183276.

Heymans, Catherine & Walker, Sean & Young, Steven & Fowler, Michael. (2014) Economic analysis of second use electric vehicle batteries for residential energy storage and load-levelling. Energy Policy. 71. 22–30. 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.016.

R. Dzikowski and B. Olek (2017) Capacity sharing — Economic analysis of home battery systems, 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), Dresden, Germany, 2017, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981991.

D. Farinet, M. Maurer, L. Vacca, S. V. Spataru and D. -I. Stroe (2019) Battery Lifetime Analysis for Residential PV-Battery System used to Optimize the Self Consumption - A Danish Scenario, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 2019, pp. 6693-6698, doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912280.

E. Hossain, D. Murtaugh, J. Mody, H. M. R. Faruque, M. S. Haque Sunny and N. Mohammad (2019) A Comprehensive Review on Second-Life Batteries: Current State, Manufacturing Considerations, Applications, Impacts, Barriers & Potential Solutions, Business Strategies, and Policies, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 73215-73252, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917859.

J. -M. Timmermans et al. (2016) Batteries 2020 — Lithium-ion battery first and second life ageing, validated battery models, lifetime modelling and ageing assessment of thermal parameters, 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe), Karlsruhe, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-23, doi: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695698.

T. Tungjittrong and N. Teerakawanich (2021) Design and Sizing of Home PV/Battery System with Energy Cost Constraint using Web Application, 9th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), Pattaya, Thailand, 2021, pp. 129-132, doi: 10.1109/iEECON51072.2021.9440066.

G. Wang and M. Bhardwaj (2019) 6.6kW Three-Phase Interleaved Totem Pole PFC Design with 98.9% Peak Efficiency for HEV/EV Onboard Charger, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 2029-2034, doi: 10.1109/APEC.2019.8722110.

F. Musavi, W. Eberle and W. G. Dunford, "A High-Performance Single-Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1833-1843, July-Aug. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2011.2156753.

E. Chatterji and M. D. Bazilian (2020) Battery Storage for Resilient Homes, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 184497-184511, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3029989.

T. A. Do, Q. N. Le, T. L. Nguyen, N. Q. Dich and P. V. Hoang, "A new Interleaved Full-Bridge Converter for AC battery," 2023 12th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2023, pp. 260-265, doi: 10.1109/ICCAIS59597.2023.10382330.

Do, Tuan Anh, Quang Dich Nguyen, Phuong Vu, Minh Duc Ngo, and Seon-Ju Ahn. 2024. "Comparative Analysis of PWM Techniques for Interleaved Full Bridge Converter in an AC Battery Application" Energies 17, no. 2: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020375.

H. -J. Chiu, T. -H. Wang, L. -W. Lin and Y. -K. Lo (2008) Current Imbalance Elimination for a Three-Phase Three-Switch PFC Converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 1020-1022, March 2008, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.917958.

D. Li, C. N. M. Ho and K. K. M. Siu ( 2019) A Method for Solving Current Unbalance Problem of Paralleled Single-Phase Grid-Connected Unipolar-PWM Inverters With Common Dc Bus, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 7595-7603, Nov.-Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2921709.

M. Parvez, M. F. M. Elias and N. A. Rahim, "Performance analysis of PR current controller for single-phase inverters," 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2016, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1049/cp.2016.131.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v16i3.15378.g9231

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is indexed in EI Compendex, SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics)and CrossRef.

IJRER has been indexed in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2026; 

h=38,

Average citation per item=7.69

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1768+1782+2085)/(146+78+80)=5635/304=18.53

Category Quartile:Q4