Characterization and Kinetic Study of Saudi Arabian Olive Wastes for Thermochemical Conversion

Hussain Sadig, Abdul Haleem E. Al-Rahmoun, Abdullah O. Al-Mutawa, Thamer D. Al-Mutairi, Abdullah Alghafis, Mohamed Nejlaoui

Abstract


Olive oil industry in the northern of Saudi Arabia generates huge amount of wastes which would effect on environment if not properly disposed. In this work, the suitability of olive wastes for thermochemical conversion was studied experimentally. The study includes an investigation of the physical, combustion, elemental and kinetic characteristics of olive wastes. Three samples from Domat Al-Jandal and Elgrayat were collected and investigated experimentally. For kinetic investigation, Kissinger and the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) were implemented where 5, 10, 30, 50 K/Min heating rates were used. The lower calorific values for Domat Al-Jandal samples were found to be 24152.5.2kJ/kg while for Elgrayat samples it was 13386kJ/kg and 12568.5kJ/kg, respectively. The elemental investigation for the samples showed higher carbon and hydrogen content for Domat Al-Jandal sample with 50% and 8%, respectively. Based on Kissinger model the activation energy for Domat Al-Jandal sample were found to be 168.502kJ/mol while for Elgrayat samples it was ranging from 122.755 to 135.736kJ/mol. On the other hand, the pre-exponential factor values were within the range of 1.125X103 to 3.954X1013. In general, the collected results showed that Domat Al-Jandal olive wastes have a higher potential to undergo thermochemical conversion as compared with Elgrayat wastes.

Keywords


Biomass energy, olive wastes, TGA, kinetic study

Full Text:

PDF

References


P. Garcia-Ibanez, M. Sanchez, and A. Cabanillas, “Thermogravimetric analysis of olive-oil residue in air atmosphere,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, pp. 103-107, 2006.

K. Cliffe and S. Patumsawad, “Co-combustion of waste from olive oil production with coal in a fluidised bed,” Waste management, vol. 21, pp. 49-53, 2001.

A. Roig, M. L. Cayuela, and M. Sánchez-Monedero, “An overview on olive mill wastes and their valorisation methods,” Waste management, vol. 26, pp. 960-969, 2006.

G. Stamatakis, “Energy and geo-environmental applications for olive mill wastes. a review,” Hellenic Journal of Geosciences, vol. 45, pp. 269-282, 2010.

H. Mehri, A. Soltane, F. Richene, and K. Mhanna, “Preliminary trials on the reproductive behaviour of five olive cultivars conducted in El-Jouf region (KSA),” American Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 8, pp. 93-104, 2013.

M. Mridha, A. Al-Qarawi, S. Al-Oud, and F. Al-Barakah, “Status and Need of Research on Growth Improvement of Olive (Olea europaea L.) with Microbial Inoculants in Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Shahjahanabad, vol. 7, pp. 1861-1868, 2013.

M. H. Hemida, A. Ibrahim, R. M. Al-Bahnsawy, and M. R. Al-Shathly, “Influence of environmental factors on olive oil production and quality in the Northern Region of kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” J. Am. Sci, vol. 10, pp. 61-66, 2014.

A. Hussein, “Response of Manzanillo olive (Olea europaea, L.) cultivar to irrigation regime and potassium fertigation under tabouk conditions, Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Agronomy, 2008.

M. A. Uddin, S. Y. A. Siddiki, S. F. Ahmed, Z. I. Rony, M. Chowdhury, and M. Mofijur, “Estimation of sustainable bioenergy production from olive mill solid waste,” Energies, vol. 14, p. 7654, 2021.

A. Demirbas, M. Kabli, R. H. Alamoudi, W. Ahmad, and A. Basahel, “Renewable energy resource facilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Prospects, social and political challenges,” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, vol. 12, pp. 8-16, 2017.

T. Alkhamis and M. Kablan, “Olive cake as an energy source and catalyst for oil shale production of energy and its impact on the environment,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 40, pp. 1863-1870, 1999.

M. Guida, H. Bouaik, A. Tabal, A. Hannioui, A. Solhy, A. Barakat, et al., “Thermochemical treatment of olive mill solid waste and olive mill wastewater: Pyrolysis kinetics,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 123, pp. 1657-1666, 2016.

R. Volpe, A. Messineo, M. Millan, M. Volpe, and R. Kandiyoti, “Assessment of olive wastes as energy source: pyrolysis, torrefaction and the key role of H loss in thermal breakdown,” Energy, vol. 82, pp. 119-127, 2015.

C. Guizani, K. Haddad, M. Jeguirim, B. Colin, and L. Limousy, “Combustion characteristics and kinetics of torrefied olive pomace,” Energy, vol. 107, pp. 453-463, 2016.

P. McKendry, “Energy production from biomass (part 2): conversion technologies,” Bioresource technology, vol. 83, pp. 47-54, 2002.

J. Wang, L. Wen, Y. Chen, and H. Han, “Study on the combustion characteristics and kinetics of biomass and coal char blended fuels,” in 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2018, pp. 576-581.

F. Resende, V. Silva, M. Mendonça, A. Barbosa, P. Brito, J. Azevedo, et al., “Using biomass gasification for small scale power generation systems: specifications of the conceptual framework,” in 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2019, pp. 439-444.

C. M. Sastre, Y. G. Arechavala, and A. M. S. Montes, “Evaluation of the environmental sustainability of the use of straw for electricity production,” in 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2013, pp. 722-727.

S. Y?lmaz and H. Selim, “A review on the methods for biomass to energy conversion systems design,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 25, pp. 420-430, 2013.

S. C. Capareda, “Biomass energy conversion,” in Sustainable growth and applications in renewable energy sources, ed: IntechOpen, 2011.

B. Khalida, Z. Mohamed, S. Belaid, H. O. Samir, K. Sobhi, and S. Midane, “Prediction of higher heating value HHV of date palm biomass fuel using artificial intelligence method,” in 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2019, pp. 59-62.

E. Christoforou and P. A. Fokaides, “A review of olive mill solid wastes to energy utilization techniques,” Waste Management, vol. 49, pp. 346-363, 2016.

P. McKendry, “Energy production from biomass (part 3): gasification technologies,” Bioresource technology, vol. 83, pp. 55-63, 2002.

I. Carlucci, G. Mutani, and M. Martino, “Assessment of potential energy producible from agricultural biomass in the municipalities of the Novara plain,” in 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2015, pp. 1394-1398.

F. Gö?ü? and M. Maskan, “Air drying characteristics of solid waste (pomace) of olive oil processing,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 72, pp. 378-382, 2006.

T. Miranda, J. Arranz, I. Montero, S. Román, C. Rojas, and S. Nogales, “Characterization and combustion of olive pomace and forest residue pellets,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 103, pp. 91-96, 2012.

K. Al bkoor Alrawashdeh, K. Slopiecka, A. A. Alshorman, P. Bartocci, and F. Fantozzi, “Pyrolytic degradation of olive waste residue (OWR) by TGA: thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic study,” Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 497-510, 2017.

J. J. Manyà, F. X. Roca, and J. F. Perales, “TGA study examining the effect of pressure and peak temperature on biochar yield during pyrolysis of two-phase olive mill waste,” Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, vol. 103, pp. 86-95, 2013.

A. Soria-Verdugo, E. Goos, and N. García-Hernando, “Effect of the number of TGA curves employed on the biomass pyrolysis kinetics results obtained using the Distributed Activation Energy Model,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 134, pp. 360-371, 2015.

J. Jauhiainen, J. A. Conesa, R. Font, and I. Mart?n-Gullón, “Kinetics of the pyrolysis and combustion of olive oil solid waste,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 72, pp. 9-15, 2004.

H. E. Kissinger, “Variation of peak temperature with heating rate in differential thermal analysis,” Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 57, pp. 217-221, 1956.

V. Vand, “A theory of the irreversible electrical resistance changes of metallic films evaporated in vacuum,” Proceedings of the Physical Society (1926-1948), vol. 55, p. 222, 1943.

K. Miura and T. Maki, “A simple method for estimating f (E) and k 0 (E) in the distributed activation energy model,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 12, pp. 864-869, 1998.

K. Miura, “A new and simple method to estimate f (E) and k0 (E) in the distributed activation energy model from three sets of experimental data,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 9, pp. 302-307, 1995.

S. Abdullah, S. Yusup, M. M. Ahmad, A. Ramli, and L. Ismail, “Thermogravimetry study on pyrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass for potential hydrogen production,” in Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2010, pp. 129-133.

Y. Demirel, “Energy and energy types,” in Energy, ed: Springer, 2012, pp. 27-70.

A. Korotkikh, K. V. Slyusarskiy, K. B. Larionov, and V. I. Osipov, “Comparison of coal reactivityduring conversion into different oxidizing medium,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016, pp. 052005.1-5.

C. Di Blasi, “Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis,” Progress in energy and combustion science, vol. 34, pp. 47-90, 2008.

P. McKendry, “Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass,” Bioresource technology, vol. 83, pp. 37-46, 2002.

A. Ounas, A. Aboulkas, A. Bacaoui, and A. Yaacoubi, “Pyrolysis of olive residue and sugar cane bagasse: non-isothermal thermogravimetric kinetic analysis,” Bioresource technology, vol. 102, pp. 11234-11238, 2011.

C. Gai, Y. Zhang, W.-T. Chen, P. Zhang, and Y. Dong, “Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition characteristics of low-lipid microalgae,” Bioresource technology, vol. 150, pp. 139-148, 2013.

T. Mani, P. Murugan, J. Abedi, and N. Mahinpey, “Pyrolysis of wheat straw in a thermogravimetric analyzer: effect of particle size and heating rate on devolatilization and estimation of global kinetics,” Chemical engineering research and design, vol. 88, pp. 952-958, 2010.

N. Koga and J. Criado, “The influence of mass transfer phenomena on the kinetic analysis for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate by constant rate thermal analysis (CRTA) under vacuum,” International journal of chemical kinetics, vol. 30, pp. 737-744, 1998.

N. Y. Harun, M. T. Afzal, and N. Shamsudin, “Reactivity studies of sludge and biomass combustion,” International Journal of Engineering (IJE), vol. 3, pp. 413-426, 2009.

K. Slopiecka, P. Bartocci, and F. Fantozzi, “Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study of poplar wood pyrolysis,” Applied Energy, vol. 97, pp. 491-497, 2012.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v15i4.15029.g9139

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is indexed in EI Compendex, SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics)and CrossRef.

IJRER has been indexed in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2025; 

h=35,

Average citation per item=6.59

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1947+1753+1586)/(146+201+78)=5286/425=12.43

Category Quartile:Q4